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purposive approach
The purposive approach (sometimes referred to as purposivism,〔Posner, Richard. ''Pragmatism versus Purposivism in First Amendment Analysis''. Stanford Law Review Vol. 54, No. 4, Apr., 2002, p. 737-7520〕 purposive construction,〔Bourchard, Ron A. ''Living Separate and Apart is Never Easy: Inventive Capacity of the PHOSITA as the Tie that Binds Obviousness and Inventiveness in Pharmaceutical Litigation'. University of Ottawa Law & Technology Journal, January 2007 (Canada), 2007〕 purposive interpretation,〔Barak, Aharon. ''Purposive Interpretation In Law''. Princeton University Press. (Princeton, New Jersey) , 2005〕 or the "modern principle in construction")〔Driedger, E.A.. ''Construction of Statutes''. Butterworth & Co. (Canada) 2d ed., 1983, p. 83〕 is an approach to statutory and constitutional interpretation under which common law courts interpret an enactment (i.e., a statute, part of a statute, or a clause of a constitution) in light of the purpose for which it was enacted.
The historical source of purposive interpretation is the mischief rule established in ''Heydon's Case''.〔Bennion, F.A.R. ''Statutory Interpretation''. Butterworth & Co. (London) 3d ed., 1997, p. 731-750〕 Purposive interpretation was introduced as a form of replacement for the mischief rule, the plain meaning rule and the golden rule to determine cases.〔Driedger, E.A. ''Construction of Statutes''. Butterworth & Co. (Canada) Ltd., 1983, p. 87〕 Purposive interpretation is exercised when the courts utilize extraneous materials from the pre-enactment phase of legislation, including early drafts, hansards, committee reports, and white papers. The purposive interpretation involves a rejection of the exclusionary rule.
Israeli jurist Aharon Barak views purposive interpretation as a legal construction that combines elements of the subjective and objective.〔Barak, Aharon. ''Purposive Interpretation In Law''. Princeton University Press (New Jersey), 2005, p. 88〕 Barak states that the subjective elements include the intention of the author of the text, whereas the objective elements include the intent of the reasonable author and the legal system’s fundamental values.〔Barak, Aharon. ''Purposive Interpretation In Law''. Princeton University Press (New Jersey), 2005, p. 88〕
Critics of purposivism argue it fails to recognize the separation of powers between the legislator and the judiciary.〔Amy E. Fahey, Note, United States v. O’Hagan: The Supreme Court Abandons Textualism to Adopt the Misappropriation Theory, 25 FORDHAM URB. L.J. 507, 534 (1998)〕 The legislator is responsible for the creating the law, while the judiciary is responsible for interpreting law. As purposive interpretation goes beyond the words within the statute, considerable power is bestowed upon the judges as they look to extraneous materials for aid in interpreting the law.
==Historical origins==
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